[Shital]

what are the advantages of internal fault protection in transformer?
what are the advantages of internal fault protection in transformer?

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[Hamid]

Mechanical internal protection of power transformers such as gas-accumulator and pressure relay are valuable supplements to differential or other forms of relaying, particularly for transformers with complicated circuits that are not well suited to differential relaying, such as certain regulating and rectifier transformers. Many of those familiar with the Buchholz relay feel that the gas-accumulator element is more valuable than the pressure element. The gas-accumulator element gives early warning of incipient faults, permitting the transformer to be taken out of service and repaired before extensive damage is done. How valuable this feature is depends on how large a proportion of the total number of faults is of the incipient type, such as failures of core-bolt or lamination insulation, and high-resistance or defective joints in windings. Off course, the gas-accumulator feature is valuable only if there is also in service thoroughly reliable protective equipment that will quickly disconnect the transformer when a short circuit occurs. From the foregoing it will be evident that gas-accumulator and pressure relays are valuable principally as supplements to other forms of protection. In the first place, a transformer must be of the type that lends itself to this type of protection. Then, protection is provided only for faults inside the transformer tank; differential or other types of relaying must be provided for protection in the event of external bushing flashovers or faults in the connections between a transformer and its circuit breakers. Where sensitive and reliable gas-accumulator and pressure relays are applicable, the other relaying equipment need not be nearly as sensitive, and therefore the problem of preventing undesired operation on magnetizing-current inrush is greatly simplified. In fact, it has been suggested that, where gas and pressure relaying is used, it is good practice to “try again” if a differential or other relay operates when a transformer bank is energized, so long as the gas or pressure elements do not indicate any internal fault. Meanwhile your email address (Mr Shital) is not correct.

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