[Jen]

How does the temperature of the surroundings affect the voltage of something?
How does the temperature of the surroundings affect the voltage of something?

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[Hamid]

Normally, all dielectrics are good insulators at lower magnitudes of field intensities. But as the electric field increases, the electrons bound to the molecules of the dielectric will be subjected to higher forces, and some of them are freed from their molecular bonding. The electrons move in the opposite direction to the electric field and thus create conduction current. This dissociation is temporary in gases in which a combination occurs when the field is removed, whereas it is a partial or permanent feature in liquids and solids. Also, this phenomenon depends on a number of factors like impurities present in the substance, temperature, humidity, length of time for which an electric field is present, etc. The phenomenon is called dielectric breakdown, and the magnitude of an electric field that gives rise to the dielectric breakdown and destroys the property of insulation in dielectric materials is called the dielectric breakdown strength. In order to account for the effect of temperature, the PasChen’s law is generally stated as V =f(Nd) where N is the density of the gas molecules. This is necessary, because the pressure of the gas changes with temperature according to the gas law pv = NRT, where v is the volume of the gas, T is the temperature, and R is a constant. Based on the experimental results, the breakdown potential of air is expressed as a power function in pd as: It may be noted from the above formula that the breakdown voltage at constant pressure and temperature is not constant (At 760 torr and 293

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